Individual Needs of a Child

Individual Needs of a Child Alysha Lloyd Early Years Level 3 Unit 1 – A Unique Child It is very obvious that all children can learn, but not all children learn in the same way, at the same time or at the same rate learning is an individual process and therefore not every child will be learning in the same way or at the same rate. To help children learn it is very important to meet children’s diverse learning needs which can lead to more effective and efficient learning. Meeting a child’s diverse learning needs means identifying needs, developing individual goals and objectives for a child, selecting or designing appropriate supports and services, and then choosing the best learning setting. Combining and evaluating these things based upon your individual child will allow you to create a individual and more efficient learning process for that child. As a practitioner, you have a responsibility to your key children to provide appropriate activities for the age and stage of development of each child to help them develop further in all areas; growth, development and learning. Each child needs individualised care and this is what the EY strives to achieve with the focus on ‘A Unique Child’. With all those unique children in your key group, you have to take into consideration that when you conduct an adult-led activity you may have set an overall aim for the activity, yet each child will not respond to the activity in the same way and will need an individual outcome and therefore, it is important to think about, plan for, and interact with the individual, as well as the group as a whole. You have to consider the range of children’s styles, social interactions and personalities: †¢ Some are quiet; others are noisy †¢ Some like to spend time by themselves; others are the life of the party †¢ Some are shy; others are outgoing †¢ Some are active; others are reserved †¢ Some enter into new situations easily; others like to stand back and watch There also other things to take into consideration, for example, cultural and language backgrounds, life experiences, temperament, interests, skills and talents that can all influence how a child learns. Due to all these possible contributing factors, all practitioners should use a process called differentiation which means that activities, planning, resources and environments should be adapted to suit the individual needs of a child and allow them to participate and gain the most from each experience. Once you have taken the child’s unique needs into consideration and applied this to your planning and how you conduct your activities, you will see how each child will benefit in their learning. The benefit of meeting a child’s individual needs means that each child will gain the most from each activity and therefore are more likely to learn and develop at a more efficient rate based upon their needs. The amount a child will learn and gain from an activity will be affected by what the activity has been based upon; it has been advised that practitioners should follow a cycle of planning, observation and assessment. Children often learn and develop best when they are doing something that they enjoy, so if you observe them doing this, assess their skills and capabilities, you can then plan what’s best next for that child. This process will benefit that individual child, as the next activity planned for them will be something they enjoy participating in, are capable of achieving and are therefore more likely to learn more from that activity. Staff should place observation, planning and assessment at the heart of their practice and this process should be seen as a continuous cycle in supporting babies and young children’s development. Once you incorporate this cycle into your daily planning as a key worker, you will quickly see the benefits in your key children. An essential part of your responsibility for meeting children’s individual needs will require all children to be treated fairly and equally and to make sure there is no discriminatory practice happening. When anti-discriminatory practice is spoken about is important to be aware of three very important terms; Equality, Diversity, Inclusion; equality meaning that everyone is treated equally, diversity is recognising individual’s characteristics and differences and inclusion makes sure that all children can participate fully in their environment. Discrimination is taken very serious within early years setting and many laws and â€Å"acts† have been created to protect children from discrimination as a whole, the most famous being ‘The Children Act 1989’ and ‘The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)’. These acts are now used as guidance to make everyone aware that the rights that must be realised for children to develop their full pot ential, free from hunger, neglect and abuse. It’s a new vision of the child; a vision of a child as an individual and as a member of a family and community, with rights and responsibilities appropriate to their age and stage of development. In order to provide an inclusive child care setting that celebrates diversity and does not discriminate against children and their families, the setting should ensure that the following things are taken into consideration and applied to all areas of practice: Accessibility equality parental children’s activities are accessible to all parents all children, making sure everyone can equally participate regardless of the capabilities, culture or background. Realisation of diversity activities in the child care setting help children to realise that they are part of a world where people’s backgrounds and experiences are diverse Provide positive images – Materials on display in nursery should help overcome stereotyping expectations by displaying all sorts of children from different cultural and ethnic backgrounds Celebration celebrations of multicultural festivals and events should take place in settings regardless of whether children would celebrate them at home. Activities reflect the diversity of background of all of the families represented in the community Avoiding stereotyping – Restricting girls from being more adventurous and boisterous and boys from being more sensitive and caring. Stereotyping can restrict possibilities in the future development by limiting expectations Make each child feel individual – Appreciating children for who they are and celebrating the characteristics that do make them different Treat all children equally but not the same – adapting the way you work with children to suit their needs therefore making sure they have the right opportunities. For example, adapting your activity for two children who are capable of different levels of achievement. Staff members must challenge their own views and beliefs and not portray any prejudices to the children, as the way in which adults treat children and behave can have a huge influence on them. Children should be encouraged to identify their own unique characteristics and those that are similar to other children. This will help them to feel comfortable within their own skin and value their own individual characteristics. They will also feel more positive about their own culture and background, gaining emotional well-being. This is also good practice in promoting diversity, as children will be more accepting of others who are different to them. Diversity should also be promoted throughout the nursery environment, so children should play with different toys from different cultures, they should celebrate a range of festivals and cultural celebrations within their setting and their also should be a range of photos and displays to help promote and celebrate diversity. It is highly importan t for staff to constantly promote diversity so that children are comfortable within their own skin, can celebrate their cultural background but also not be prejudice against others. It is essential that practitioners are aware of promoting children’s physical and emotional well-being. The emotional health of children and young people is increasingly recognised as being highly important to the wellbeing and future prospects of individuals. Children and young people’s emotional health is a cornerstone of all the Every Child Matters outcomes. Children who are emotionally healthy achieve more, participate more fully with their peers and community, engage in less risky behaviour and cope better with the adversities they may face from time to time. Emotional health in childhood has important implications for health and social outcomes in adult life (Mental Health Foundation. 1999. Bright Futures. London: Mental Health Foundation). The development of emotional health starts before a child is born, and the first two years of life are a critical period for laying the foundations for emotional health throughout childhood and into adult life. Emotional health is nurtured primarily in the home, but we know that practitioners and services can and do make a difference. To help promote the health and well-being of all children, acts have been written so that everyone can focus on the importance of what is best for each unique child. â€Å"The Children Act 1989† was written to help promote empowerment for children, making sure that they are involved in decisions that can affect themselves. The main points of â€Å"The Children Act 1989† relevant to working in early years are: The well-being of the child is of paramount importance children should be safe and secure within a setting and this should be a feeling shared with parents. When children feel safe and secure it is more likely that they will feel more happy and have a better emotional; well-being. Children should have their own race, culture, language and religion valued and respected – this can be explored through the celebration of diversity and individuality. Childrens feelings and opinions should be listened to – making them feel like they are important and special, linking in them to feel secure and safe. Provision should be made to meet the individual needs of children and their families – communication between staff and parents to ensure all child’s needs and interests are catered for therefore a child can get the best care available allowing them good emotional and physical well-being. Keeping children safe is essential in promoting a child’s physical well-being and once a child feels safe within their environment, they will feel more secure and confident to go and explore independently. Practitioners can promote well-being within settings by giving children the opportunity to make their own choices and decisions. Giving them these opportunities allows children to develop self-confidence and awareness, as well as learning to manage feelings and behaviour. The EYFS ‘A Unique Child’ promotes children as independent learners; this can begin from an early age as young as babies, exploring news things using their senses and as they become older, children can be given the opportunity to learn about keeping themselves safe. Practitioners can empower children, giving them choices and encouraging them to make decisions. This should include when children decide that they do not wish to participate in activities. This opportunity to say ‘no’ w ill empower a child and enable them to become a confident individual. This is important for their personal confidence and emotional well-being. Promoting independence and decision making from an early age and continuing this throughout childhood will contribute to a young person and adult who is confident, independent and assertive. As practitioners we have to be aware that all children are different and unique and this cannot be overlooked. If we do not take this into consideration it can have a large impact on not only the learning and development achieved by the child, but also their emotional and physical well-being. The EYFS theme ‘A Unique Child’ with the individual child at the heart of curriculum and planning, is a key part of all early years settings, therefore benefiting the value of each child. Whilst considering each child as an individual, we not only take into consideration their needs but the ideas of anti-discriminatory practice, helping their emotional and physical well-being. Information Sources Department of Education and Early Childhood Development http://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/childhood/providers/regulation/childindivneeds.pdf Alberta Education http://education.alberta.ca/media/448912/Chapter3.pdf Education Scotland http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/Images/12assessment_tcm4-637896.pdf UNICEF – Convention on the rights of the child http://www.unicef.org/crc/index_protecting.html The National Strategies of Early Years http://www.foundationyears.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/SEAD_Guidance_For_Practioners.pdf

Mobile Game Essay

Mobile game is a video game played on a mobile phone, Smartphone, PDA, computer, portable or calculator. This does not include games played on dedicated handheld video game systems such as Nintendo 3DS or PlayStation Vita. These data are available in these companies: Digital Chocolate, Disney Mobile Studios, EA Mobile, Gameloft, Glu, Hands-On, HandyGames, I-Play, IG Fun and THQ Wireless. Mobile games are played using the technology present on the device itself. Mobile games are usually downloaded via the mobile operator’s network, but in some cases are also loaded in the mobile handsets when purchased, via infrared connection, Bluetooth, or memory card. Games played on a mobile device using localization technology like GPS are called location-based games. These are not only played on mobile hardware but also integrate the player’s position into the game concept. In other words: while it does not matter for a normal mobile game where exactly you are (play them anywhere at any time), the player’s coordinate and movement are main elements in allocation. The best-known example is the treasure hunt game Geocaching, which can be played on any mobile device with integrated or external GPS receiver. External GPS receivers are usually connected via Bluetooth. More and more mobile phones with integrated GPS are expected to come. Besides Geocaching, there exist several other location-based games which are rather in the stage of research prototypes than a commercial success. The researcher wants to study this topic to know how much is the business gains of mobile games in this kind of business. Another thing is he wants to know the difference between the games in simple mobile phone compare to iPhone, iPod, and iPad.

Decome Et Decorum

â€Å"Heartland† written by Linda Hogan has underlying messages a reader must carefully pay attention to in order to fully understand the poem. Hogan describes â€Å"City Poems† as her analysis of city life and how she appreciates it which can seem complex when reading her poem. She begins the poem describing how rare silence in the city can appear to people, constant traffic from vehicles and voices of people traveling the streets. Then she understands what the â€Å"city poems† other authors write about and how life in the city is constantly surrounded with common images related to city life such as yellow hard hats and beggars.I feel like Hogan feels a connection with city life and she has learned to appreciate it. I think the author identifies â€Å"city poems† as poems about the chaos people endure in the city; that the city may not seem enjoyable to most. The chaos that the city brings can take a toll on a person and can leave them questioning their life. Lines seven to ten describe how people pray and â€Å"feel the heart beat in a handful of nothing† which I interpreted it as meaning that the city can drain people of whatever they have and leave them with nothing.When people have nothing to fall back on, faith holds a powerful connection to people who seek support to help put back the broken pieces of life and by praying, a higher power can bring an answer to their prayers. However, Hogan seems to find the beauty and joy that the city brings and describes it in her poem, â€Å"Heartland†. I think that Hogan enjoys the city life with the detail in lines eleven to seventeen, where she describes construction workers, beggars, pigeons, and peoples’ regurgitation on metal.I interpreted the statement â€Å"human acids etching themselves into metal† as how many people travel to the city to become famous and make a name for themselves which the â€Å"human acid† being written onto the metal represen ts a person â€Å"writing there name in stone†. In stanza three, line twenty, Hogan writes â€Å"listening hard to the underground language† where the â€Å"underground language† refers to the lingo of the streets of the city where people of the city understand one another and can communicate with each other, even if they are not speaking the same anguage. When growing up anywhere, a person picks up certain characteristics of their society. Specifically, when growing up in the city, a person MUST learn the rules (language) of the city to succeed. The â€Å"underground language† is hidden within the city, where â€Å"outsiders† ponder upon conversations on the street, trying to figure what it really means. When Hogan writes â€Å"listening hard† I think she refers to taking

Media Influence on the Younger Generation - 1778 Words

Nahtonya Thompson Professor Tolbora English 102 16 July 2012 Media Influence on the Younger Generation It seems like just last week when I bought my son a new video game, Call of Duty 3 was the name of it. This game is supposed to be the best game in town. It was not until recently did I notice that every time I call my son his reaction time if he answers or reacts at all, is slow. When I tell him to do something, it never gets done at least not right away. When my son finally has enough of the video game for the moment, he turns to the TV for additional support. He likes the shows that I like to call the bratty shows such as iCarly, The Wizards of Waverly Place, and Jessie, just to name a few. These shows consist of a bunch of kids†¦show more content†¦Of the 161 television movies monitored, 23 raised concerns from viewers about their use of violent contexts. Of the 118 theatrical films monitored, 50 raised concerns about their use of violent context. It is estimated that the average child views 8,000 TV murders before finishing elem entary school.† (Siegel Welsh p96) The companies or people who shape our values, decisions, and beliefs are dominated by five major companies which are: Time Warner, VIACOM, Vivendi Universal, Walt Disney and News Corp. These five companies own 95% of all media that we get every day. They own the major entertainment theme parks, television and radio broadcast networks and programming, entertainment movie studios, video news and sports entertainment. Also, integrated telecommunications, video software, music industry, electronic media, wireless phones and so much more, they also own this. The truth of the matter is, we as a society do not know who they are, or what they do, and nine times out of ten, we as a society, do not care. We will never know and will never bother to care, we just want entertainment, news and education in whatever fashion available. It is sad! â€Å"Media strongly affects youth culture. The media executives are quick to defend their role in youth violence and bullying while selling millions of dollars in ads focused on youth. TV producers, network executives, motion pictureShow MoreRelatedMedia and Its Affects1514 Words   |  7 PagesEntertainment and Social Media and their effects A nation like America is an example, of a country that has developed in terms of entertainment (Pearson 2). It is one of the countries that has got and has produced some of the greatest entertainers. The country is one of the leading producers of entertainment in the planet. In addition, it is one of the nations that there is a greater influence of entertainment on the younger generation. The effects of entertainment on the younger generation in America canRead MoreThe Influence of Mass Media on the Young Male Image Essay1645 Words   |  7 Pages Mass media creates a stereotype promoting an image of how a young man should act, appear, or resemble in todays society. The media has a great influence over what we view and hear as a society and it can have an effect especially on a younger men and the image that they want to portray. Moreover, the media has a lot to do with the image we perceived in our minds and young men are easily perusable by what they see or hear. With the medi a flooding negative influence, it builds up to having thisRead More The Media Has a Grasp on Younger Generations811 Words   |  4 Pages Media can influence every home in America. Not only is it capable of influence through television, but it can influence through magazines, newspapers, word of mouth, even clothing! The qualities of a person media tends to influence most, is their self-esteem and personality. Women are especially seen as being influenced, but men are in the bunch as well, although less published. Children are being brought into the influence as well at younger ages each generation. With more media influence inRead MoreMass Media And Its Impact On Society1306 Words   |  6 Pagesis mass media. Mass media is a means of communication that reach number of people in a short time. Mass media includes television, newspaper, magazine, radio and Internet (Nariman,2011) . It is a large pool of information from where every type of information can be extracted and is widening more and more. Mass media influences the society especially the younger generation and shape their opinions and decisions. The study of the impacts of mass media requires a great understanding. 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It allowed the teenagers to become trendy and unique through the different information from the media they are getting. Celebrities such as Marline Monroe and Audrey Hep burn became the fashionRead MoreThe Game Changer : Social Media And The 2016 Presidential Election994 Words   |  4 PagesFrom the Huffington Post in the article â€Å"The Game Changer: Social Media and the 2016 Presidential Election† author R. Kay Green (2015) discusses strategies the candidates are using in order to win over the minority vote, which is to connect the millennial generation with social media. Specifically, social media has been shown to improve voting patterns because the younger generation can see and read about the election through social media. For instance, the subject matter first appeared in the 2008 electionsRead MoreEffects Of Technology On Socialization1300 Words   |  6 Pageseffect on the newer generations and is it something we should be concerned about? It is the premise of the article that social media plays a major role in the social development or socialization of younger generations in the 21st century. To demonstrate this, the author has collected sources which underline many issues with social media today and conducted a survey of 4 individuals of different ages which establish the existence of an inverse relationship between age and social media presence. The authorRead MoreThe Media Can Be Like A Drug931 Words   |  4 Pagesthat we only see what the media wants us to see. The media can be like a drug. It distracts us from what is really going on in the real world. Our society is captured theoretically by the way of presentation within the media. In this photo, a person can see that the media has this man full attention, which he does not see what is really going on in the world. I think this advertisement does a good job of portraying this message. Our society gets so distracted by the media that we tend to forget whatRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesThe evolution of social media has been a controversial issue over the years. Since its beginning, it has had a his torical impact on everyday life by changing the way we talk and interact with one another. Social media represents both positive and adverse effects on society, but does one side tip the scale more than the other? Online social media surrounds almost everyone in the modern society, and its worldwide popularity has empowered all generations to be connected and actively participate in

The Human Resource Department Working - 1596 Words

The Human Resource Department working as an administrative human resource department has the role of being able to provide and assist employees with issues regarding direct services to the employees. Some of the areas include payroll, scheduling and taking vacation time off, sick days, and any employee questions concerning benefits and the laws regarding employment. One of the main challenges regarding to HR office is the laws pertaining to employment, these laws are constantly changing and be very hard to understand. Being able to understand and make sure that the employee are being treated fairly is the responsibility of the HR department, they must continually review and understand the changes in the laws and have they affect not only†¦show more content†¦It has been found that not having a sufficient human resource department can have an adverse effect on the whole organization (Nura Osman, 2013). Using programs such as the pre-employment personality test prior to hirin g future employees is supposed to help reduce employee turnover and find better qualified employees based upon the position they are hiring for. This strategic approach to testing and hiring was designed to retain employees and reduce cost associated with replacement. According to Dias the cost of replacing a low paid employee can be very costly ranging close to $8,000 after training is complete (Dias, 2012). In a smaller company it would be more cost effective for the HR department to be primarily an administrative HR department. Larger companies need to increase the HR roles to a more strategic role which is goaled towards meeting the company’s needs. The role of the strategic human resource management team is to meet the needs of the employees as they are needed. This type of planning allows for the HR department to meets the needs of the employees and to focus on making sure the needs of the company are being met also. This type of thinking can allow for improvement in t he way employers hire and train current and future

Mass Extinction And Its Effects On The World Essay

Earth is currently going thru its sixth mass extinction. This past decade earth has been going thru the worst loss of species since the dinosaurs age millions and millions of years ago. Scientists say this is like nothing earth has experienced before. Past mass extinctions have occurred because of natural causes but this mass extinction, humans are to blame. Many people believe that The Earth s sixth mass extinction is already underway. They also believe that climate change or volcano eruptions is to blame for this problem, which is true but many people don t know that is Hunting or better known as poaching is a huge part of Mass Extinction. Hunters or better known as â€Å"Sportsmen† usually think of it as a reward or a privilege to shoot animals. Its more popular than ever to hunt rare animals. Shooting rare animals is looked at as a sport, most Sportsmen don t understand what they re doing to our wildlife population. At the end of the Nineteenth century, also known as the worst times for the wildlife species in North America. Hunting has led to the Extinction of The great Auk, The Passenger Pigeon, and near-total extinction Bison, trumpeter swans. The Sportsmen would poison the animals with something called Incidental poisoning something that is still going on until this day; Incidental Poisoning is aimed to kill egg-laying species; their species also suffered from a widespread use of DDT during the mid-20th Century. It was finally banished inShow MoreRelatedThe Mass Extinction Of Dinosaurs1539 Words   |  7 Pagesspecies in the world, there was always one topic in particular that stood out to all of us- dinosaurs. Whether it was just the sheer concept of another species living on the earth before we were even alive, or the tales we were told about their incredible strength and size, we were transfixed by dinosaurs, specifically their disappearance. One thing that never quite made sense was how such an exceedingly powerful group of animals, that lived in what seemed to be every corner of the world at one pointRead MoreMass Extinction1421 Words   |  6 PagesExtinction is the end of an organism or group of taxa.   Extin ctions occur when a species becomes unfit for survival in its natural habitat usually to be replaced by another, better-suited species. An organism becomes ill-suited for survival because its environment is changed or because its relationship to other organisms is altered as stated from Credo Reference. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of that particular species. Mass extinctions, howeverRead More The History of Earths Mass Extinctions Essay1620 Words   |  7 PagesThe History of Earths Mass Extinctions The four billion year history of earth has witnessed five mass extinctions, and some scientists believe that we are on the verge of the sixth.1[1] If we are in the midst of the next mass extinction, we are in the very early stages of an evolving, and escalating process. The most recent, or fifth mass of the extinctions occurred 65 million years ago at the boundary between the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods. Images of an asteroid colliding with theRead MoreSixth Mass Spieces Extinction Essay707 Words   |  3 PagesOur world is a great incubator of life, however it likes to go through periods of change where only those ready to adapt will survive. Five times already, our planet has gone through periods of mass species extinction, forcing those who want to survive to adapt and overcome. We are now facing a sixth major extinction, one not caused by a force of nature, but caused by a single species. We will take a look into the first five major extinction and then delve into the one that is ongoing right nowRead MoreExtinction Of Animal Extinction1024 Words   |  5 PagesThere have been five well known extinctions on this earth. The one most well known is the mass extinction that ended the dinosaurs. Mass extinction is often described as the elimination of a large number of species in a short period of time. Despite what many think, the elimination of species is almost commonplace at this point. The Earth is currently in the middle of a sixth mass extinction, and it’s been caused by the human race. It’s clear that a great extinction is coming from the evidence ofRead MorePermian and Cretaceous Mass Extinctions Essay1439 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent hypotheses put forward for the mass extinctions at the end of the Permian and Cretaceous (KT) Periods. A mass extinction is an event in which at least 25-75% of species in the global environment are eradicated in a short period of time. Where as a regional extinction event is when the extinction is confined to a specific zone. Five mass extinctions have occurred throughout time, two of the most well known of these are the Permian and Cretaceous extinction events. There are several hypothesesRead MoreMass Extinction And Its Impact On The World888 Words   |  4 Pageslived comes onto the world, and it possessed a very large brain. Homo-sapiens or more commonly referred to as modern humans, survived by using these powerful brains to learn and prosper in its environment. No other species has had such a huge impact on the world compared to that of humans. Being able to manipulate the environment to better suit their needs, but for every action there is an opposite and sometimes an even greater consequence. Many signs point to a great extinction occurring at this momentRead MoreThe Sixth Extinction By Elizabeth Kolbert1621 Words   |  7 PagesIn the book The Sixth Extinction written by Elizabeth Kolbert there are a lot of examples that are going on in the world today and also examples of things that started when the first human being was around. This book talks about how we are in the sixth mass extinction, and that is caused by humans. Overa ll the book goes chapter by chapter and talks about the different mass extinctions there have been, and how they were caused, but also the book talks about different species that have gone extinctRead More Earth Faces a Sixth Mass Extinction Essay1239 Words   |  5 PagesEarth Faces a Sixth Mass Extinction Scientists in Great Britain have been studying the distribution of birds, butterflies and plants for the past 40 years and the results from these studies suggest that the Earth is heading towards another mass extinction, and this one may have its roots in human activity. Within the four billion years that Earth has been around, it has already experienced five mass extinctions. The most recent, and most well known occurred 65 million years ago andRead MoreAnalysis Of Elizabeth Kolberts The Sixth Extinction1575 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"In pushing other species to extinction, humanity is busy sawing off the limb on which it perches† (The Sixth Extinction, 268). This powerful quote, by Stanford ecologist Paul Ehrlich, accurately sums up the main message conveyed in Elizabeth Kolbert’s most recent and most successful book, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History. Elizabeth Kolbert is an experienced journalist and author who is currently working as a â€Å"staff writer at The New Yorker.† While Elizabeth Kolbert has written on a variety

Curriculum of the Future for Learning Activities-myassignmenthelp

Question: Write about theCurriculum of the Future for Learning Activities. Answer: The development of curriculum is based on certain beliefs, conceptions and everyday learning in the society. Curriculum development as a process is premised on the principles of a cyclical model. In other words, it commences with a needs analysis, that gives away to planning followed by development which is further followed by piloting and dissemination, and concludes with the implementation and evaluation process (Coombs et al., 2017). In Malaysia, educators along with their trainers collaborate to brainstorm on the formulation of the curriculum and outline the best possible ways of its execution. The discussion is succeeded by the choosing the contents and segmentation of the contents for each year of education. The discussion finally comprises of possible learning activities and teaching methods. At the State level, the curriculum is pioneered by the Sate Curriculum Committee, at the District Level, the District Curriculum Committee whereas at the school level, it is the prerogati ve of the principal or the headmaster to supervise and implement a curriculum. According to them, educators should spend more time in explaining and teaching the concepts so that it becomes comprehensible and meaningful to the students. Regarding the transmission of scientific knowledge, perennialist opine that it obsolete scientific information should not be transmitted to the students. The objective of the universities should not only prepare students for specific careers. But also to instil the love for knowledge for attaining knowledge. Adherence to the Essentialist philosophy for education would benefit both slow learners as well as fast learners. It is because in this type of model, common subjects are taught to all the students irrespective of their retain abilities and academic rigour. Another reason for the incorporation of an essentialist model of curriculum would be to train students to become culturally literate. This entails the acquisition of working knowledge regarding the events, people, groups, institutions and groups that have informed and structured the society. The motto of education should be to create citizens who are respectful, thoughtful, and ethical, morally bound and are enterprising citizens. Hence, the curriculum should be designed in a way that is effective in making a responsible citizen. An astute knowledge about philosophy is crucial in understanding in formulating a curriculum as it drives the logic behind selection, organization and implementation. The philosophy or the epistemological tenet would address broader questions like what are the subjects and their values. These values will act as a directory in making decisions regarding the kind of books to be included for the curriculum (Nair Sinasamy, 2017). It is important to design a curriculum in a fashion that maximizes the learning ability of the students. Therefore, the content needs to be presented in a manner that would engage the students and motivate them to learn the contents. Teacher need to exhibit high-quality and cutting-edge instructional methods that engage the students with the content. There should be continuous evaluation procedure subsumed within the curriculum planner to assess the learning outcomes of the students. The curriculum should feature the following model Goals and objectives Curriculum designing Implementation of curriculum Evaluation of curriculum Students should be encouraged to develop expertise in different subjects, as it will broaden their understanding and enable to examine, perceive and decipher an issue or atopic from diverse perspectives. Genuine life problems should be selected and students should be motivated to concern with socially relevant issues. The learner should be positioned in social setting that would equip the student to address the problem in a refined manner. Students need to introspect and examine issues that pose pressing problems to the society. They need to be acquainted with knowledge that prepare them for the world of technology and learn survival skills for the bureaucratic world (Zeldin et al., 2016). They need to understand that knowledge acquisition is a lifelong process and they need to link their knowledge with their values. There should also be the incorporation of liberal arts in the curriculum will discipline the mind and will enrich the intellect. For the perennialist point of view overf lowing factual information that educators expect students to imbibe. The foundation of a curriculum should be premised on the historical and social context. It is because schools are situated within the society and hence, the disposition in the society is instrumental in influential in designing the curriculum. Students should be exposed to a problem-focussed design curriculum that will enable students to imbibe social issues that will be directly applicable to what they learnt, internalized and experienced in their everyday lives (Baharun et al., 2017). Learning Anthropology will enable the students to learn the method of enquiry that are followed by experts in the discipline of anthropology. Students should be part of a teaching environment that encourages and boosts them to think. Students should be taught to inculcate critical thinking, thinking innovatively and creatively, and students will also learn to identify the faulty areas of their thinking pattern. The curriculum should be an outcome of both the teachers and the students. The leaning acti vities should be incorporated in a teaching-learning situations. Children should be oriented towards a spirit of social reform. Students should be in inculcated to learn in an environment where the teacher-student are not positioned dichotomically but reciprocal as it promote a more cohesive, flexible and democratic learning environment. Students should be socialized not just to learn the content but also challenge it. Students should be free from indoctrination as knowledge is not to be a perceived as finished product by the learner (Selvadurai et al., 2017). Adoption of the correlation design into the curriculum framework looks promising as it would facilitate the fusion of different subjects into one subject as an alternative to relying on a single subject for understanding concepts, terms and phenomenon. An illustration of this is in the history class students are taught about the Japanese occupation of Malayasia, thus promoting a holistic and correlated understanding of an issue (Shahali et al., 2017). Students should be trained and prepared with care for the future. If students are imparted inadequate and narrow information, it does not amplify their learning abilities. It is important to adopt an evaluation strategy that encourages students to acquire in-depth knowledge. In this context, the Eisner and Connoisseurship model can act as a template for effective evaluation (Al Ramiah, Hewstone Wlfer, 2017). Hence, classroom pedagogy should strive to impart rich and complex content. Schools should motivate students to learn meaning from experience and therefore, education should be oriented towards inculcating the meaning-making abilities of the students (Haw et al., 2017). The content that is designed should be in proportion/ correspondence with the age group or else students will take more time to learn. The educators should be competent and resourceful and take into consideration the skills and expert of the staff, time restraints, pertinent educational resources and funding that shape the formulation of the curriculum. The selection of content should address the existing social reality especially the economical plight and the influence of government. There needs to be an emphasis on integrated curriculum that would assimilate the different subjects under one umbrella. For example, the topic of oil can be studied from science, geography (oil resource), literature, history and economics (Kusumawathie, Mohamad Azam, 2017). However, it can be cumbersome for the educators as there requires greater effort to integrate different subjects, for which the teacher needs to go out of the way to disseminate profound learning experiences to the students. This method equips the students to translate their theoretical knowledge into practical applications, fosters speedy retrieval of accumulated information and boosts the breadth and depth of learning. Another advantage is that it forges team spirit, mutual learning and a positive attitude. In Malaysia, Man and the Environment was a subject that was incorporated in primary schools integrated different subjects together (Nor, Leong Salleh, 2017). Apart from asking students to be oriented towards contributing to the economy of the country, they should also be encouraged to address and be vocal about the pressing social issues. Therefore from the above discussions it can be inferred that designing an effective curriculum that integrates both the teachers and the students in the learning process. The aim of education should be to create students who are capable of autonomous thinking, translate theoretical knowledge into action and finally orient themselves into integrated learning approach. This would promote the holistic development of the student and inspire them to become socially aware citizens. References Al Ramiah, A., Hewstone, M., Wlfer, R. (2017). 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